Best Gynaecologic Oncology Service in India

OVERVIEWGynaecologic Oncology is a specialised discipline that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancers of the female reproductive system. This includes cancers of the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, vulva, and vagina.

Cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer are the most common gynaecological cancers seen among Indian women. These cancers are associated with various risk factors, including chronic HPV infection, smoking, compromised immunity, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet habits, personal or family history, and more.

At HCG, we boast an expert team that includes some of the best gynae oncologists in India, who excel at treating gynaecological cancers using multiple treatment approaches, namely surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormone therapy.

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Types

Cervical cancer

occurs in the cervical lining.

Ovarian cancer

occurs in the ovarian cells.

Uterine cancer, or endometrial cancer,

forms in the lining of the endometrium.

Vaginal cancer

arises in the vaginal lining.

Vulvar cancer

arises in the vulva (the outer part of the female genitals).

Fallopian tube cancer

occurs in the fallopian tube, which connects the ovaries to the uterus.

Diagnosis of Gynaecological Cancers

There are multiple testing methods available for the detection and diagnosis of gynaecological cancers:

Medical History Assessment and Physical Exam:

Doctors study the patient’s medical history and conduct a pelvic exam to check for signs of gynaecological cancer.

Pap Test:

A screening test commonly recommended for cervical cancer that involves collecting cells from the cervical lining and examining them for signs of cancer.

Biopsy:

Involves collecting a small amount of tissue from the suspected area and examining it under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.

Lab Tests:

Recommended to determine the levels of specific tumour markers and other indicators of tumour growth and assess the functions of critical organs.

Imaging Scans:

Tests like ultrasound, MRI, and PET-CT scans help doctors obtain detailed structures of the organs in the pelvic region and determine if there are any tumour growths.

Treatment for Gynaecological Cancers

While detecting the presence of cancer cells is extremely crucial, precise treatment aimed at a faster recovery is equally imperative.

Surgery is the main treatment for gynaecological cancers. Oncosurgeons remove tumours and organs if necessary. Open or minimally invasive surgery may be used, depending on severity. Key surgical approaches include:

Wide Local Excision:

Removal of the tumour with a small portion of the surrounding tissue (margin).

Debulking Surgery or Cytoreductive Surgery:

Removal of as much cancer growth as possible, followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Total Hysterectomy:

Removal of the uterus and cervix.

Radical Hysterectomy:

Removal of the uterus, cervix, and part of the vagina, and sometimes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and nearby lymph nodes.

Salpingo-Oophorectomy (unilateral/bilateral):

Removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Omentectomy:

Removal of the omentum, a thin flap of abdominal tissue.

Lymph Node Removal:

Removing lymph nodes that may be affected by cancer.

Organ Preservation Surgery:

Removal of the tumour with a small margin of healthy tissue, sparing the organ.

Reconstructive Surgery:

Restoring the structure and function of removed organs or body parts.

Radiation therapy uses high-intensity radiation beams to kill cancer cells, and it may be administered externally or internally. Radiotherapy is often recommended with surgery or chemotherapy to enhance the overall effectiveness of the treatment.

Unlike surgery and radiation therapy, which are localised cancer treatments, systemic therapies work by targeting cancer cells throughout the body. The following systemic therapies are employed to manage gynaecological cancers:

Chemotherapy:

Using potent anticancer drugs to destroy cancer cells and stop them from spreading.

Immunotherapy:

Stimulating the patient's own immune system to recognise, attack, and destroy cancer cells more effectively.

Targeted Therapy:

Targeting the specific genes and protein molecules that are responsible for the formation and growth of cancer cells.

Hormone Therapy:

Blocking the production of specific hormones that are responsible for cancer growth, particularly for hormone-sensitive cancers, such as ovarian and endometrial cancers.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the common symptoms of gynaecological cancers?

Abnormal vaginal bleeding, excessive white discharge, pelvic pain, pressure, difficulty in eating, bloating, pain in the abdomen and back, and heavier and longer periods are some of the common symptoms of gynaecological cancers.

Are gynaecological cancers treatable?

Gynaecological cancers are treatable, thanks to the wide range of options available. Early detection is key to successful treatment and reducing the risk of relapse. Women should be aware of symptoms associated with gynaecological cancers and report them promptly to their doctor for better survival chances.

Are gynaecological cancers hereditary?

Although gynaecological cancers are not usually inherited, some families may have a higher risk due to the presence of genetic disorders such as Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC), Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), or Lynch syndrome.

Are there any ways to reduce the risk of developing gynaecological cancers?

Ways to reduce the risk of gynaecological cancers include maintaining a healthy weight, controlling chronic conditions, knowing family history, getting Pap smear tests, taking vaccines, and practising safe sex.

Will I be able to get pregnant after receiving treatment for gynaecological cancer?

Certain types of cancer affecting the ovaries and the uterus can cause infertility issues. Chances of conception and having a healthy baby depend on various factors, including the age of the patient, the type of cancer, and the treatment. Cancer survivors under the age of 30 stand the best chance of conception after completion of treatment if the fertility-preserving option is feasible.