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Brain Cancer

Overview and Types

What is Brain Tumor?

A brain tumor forms when the cells present in the brain start dividing uncontrollably and form a mass. These masses or tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (non-malignant). These can form primarily in the brain (primary tumors) or spread to the brain from other body parts (secondary tumors). Both benign and malignant tumors can lead to increased pressure in the skull and disruptions in brain functions, which can lead to various health complications.

How Common Are Brain Tumors, and Are They Dangerous?

The incidence of brain tumors is relatively low compared to other forms of tumors. Nevertheless, these cannot be ignored. It can be seen in both adults and children.

In India, brain-related tumors affect 5–10 out of 1,00,000 people.

While some tumors that form in the brain are not dangerous and can be treated effectively, others can be aggressive in their growth rate and progression and pose a danger to patients’ health. Early diagnosis and timely treatment support the effective management of this condition.

Brain Tumor vs Brain Cancer

The terms "brain tumor" and "brain cancer" are often used synonymously. However, they are not quite the same. Brain tumors refer to both benign and malignant growths inside the brain, whereas brain cancers only refer to malignant growths that tend to spread to other body parts.

Brain Tumor Types and Location

Brain tumors can be benign or malignant, which are further classified into different types, depending on their origin. The following are the different types of brain tumors:

Benign Brain Tumors

Benign tumors of the brain tend to grow slowly, and rarely spread to other parts of the body. They cause complications by compressing specific regions of the brain. The following are the different types of brain tumors that are benign in nature:

1. Chordomas

Commonly occurring at the base of the skull or spine, chordomas arise from the notochord remains. Chordoma is also referred to as notochordal sarcoma. Chordomas are one of the most common types of brain tumors in adults.

2. Craniopharyngiomas

Typically seen among children, craniopharyngiomas form near the pituitary gland. mbtscrollThese tumors lead to hormonal imbalances and vision-related problems in patients.

3. Meningiomas

As the name says, meningiomas form in the meninges, the protective layers that sheath the brain and spinal cord. Meningiomas have a slow growth rate and can grow in any part of the brain.

4. Pituitary Adenomas

These benign tumors form in the pituitary gland and can lead to hormonal imbalances and disruptions in bodily functions. This is one of the brain tumor types that can lead to various brain tumor symptoms in women, such as hormonal imbalance, disruption in menstrual cycles, etc.

5. Glomus Jugulare Tumors

Glomus jugulare tumors are extremely rare. They commonly form in the bone of the skull base. These tumors can affect the blood vessels, nerves, upper neck, ears, and skull base.

6. Gangliocytomas

Gangliocytomas are rare and form in the temporal lobes of the brain, affecting the central nervous system. These tumors comprise mature neurons.

7. Pineocytomas

Pinecytomas originate from the pineal gland cells. Pineocytomas can lead to hormonal imbalances, disrupted sleep-wake cycles, and vision problems.

8. Schwannomas

Schwannomas arise from Schwann cells, which are responsible for myelin (the protective covering of nerves) production. Schwannomas are more common in adults.

Malignant Brain Tumors

These refer to those tumors that grow at a faster rate and tend to spread to other parts of the body. The most common types of brain cancer tumors include:

1. Gliomas

Gliomas arise from glial cells, which are responsible for the protection of nerve cells (neurons). Glioma is the most common brain tumor in adults.

Based on the type of cells that they originate from, these brain cancer tumors are further classified. The following are different types of glioma:

2. Astrocytomas

This type of glioma arises from astrocytes, which are responsible for several metabolic and structural tasks within the nervous system. High-grade astrocytomas, also known as glioblastoma multiforme, are considered one of the worst types of brain cancer.


3. Oligodendrogliomas

This type of glioma arises from the oligodendrocytes that are responsible for myelin production. They tend to grow at a slower rate.


4. Ependymomas

Ependymomas, which can occur both in adults and children, form in the ependymal cells that sheath the brain ventricles and spinal canal.


5. Brain Stem Glioma

As the name says, brain stem gliomas form in the brain stem. This type of brain cancer is predominantly seen in children and is often difficult to treat. It also has a poor prognosis.


Other Types of Brain Tumors:

1. Hemangioblastomas

Hemangioblastomas are rare and form in the brain or spinal cord. Hemangioblastomas are often associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease, a genetic condition. This is one of the most common types of brain tumor in adults.

2. Rhabdoid Tumors

Rhabdoid tumors primarily arise from the cerebellum and brainstem; nevertheless, they can form in any part of the brain and spinal cord. Often seen in children, rhabdoid tumors are aggressive.

3. Pediatric Brain Tumors

Certain tumors of the brain are more common among children and will often demand specialized care. Some of the common types of pediatric brain tumors include medulloblastomas, gliomas, ependymomas, and others.

Symptoms and Causes

What are Brain Tumor Symptoms?

Both benign and malignant brain tumors show symptoms; however, they can be mild in the early stages, and therefore, often go unnoticed. As the disease progresses, the symptoms become apparent. The signs and symptoms of brain tumors may vary depending on the type of tumor. In some cases, patients experience some early symptoms of brain tumors, which can lead to early diagnosis and timely treatment.

The following are the important signs and symptoms of brain tumors:

1. Headaches

Patients often experience persistent headaches or headaches that worsen over time. These headaches often come along with nausea and vomiting. This is one of the early symptoms of a brain tumor.

2 Seizures

Tumors forming in the brain can also lead to seizures wherein uncontrolled electrical activity is observed in the brain. Seizures are characterized by convulsions and abnormal body movements. Seizures are also one of brain tumor’s early symptoms.

3. Paralysis or Weakness in One Part or One Side of the Body

Patients with brain tumors also experience paralysis or weakness in one side of the body. This happens when the tumor exerts pressure on the areas that control muscle movements.

4. Dizziness

Brain tumor patients often experience light-headedness and spinning sensations or feel unsteady.

5. Vision-related Problems

Vision-related problems are also one of the early symptoms of a brain tumor. Patients experience double vision, blurred vision, and peripheral vision loss. Vision-related problems result from the tumor’s pressure on the optic nerves or areas responsible for visual processing.

6. Hearing Issues

Patients with brain tumors close to the auditory nerves, can experience hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and other issues related to hearing.

7. Numbness in the Face

Numbness in the face or a tingling sensation on one side of the face is also one of the common brain tumor or brain cancer symptoms.

8. Nausea or Vomiting

Patients with brain tumors also experience nausea and vomiting, which may or may not be associated with headaches. This is one of the most observed signs of brain tumors.

9. Mood Changes

Sudden mood changes, such as irritability, sadness, lack of motivation, or aggression, could also be a symptom of brain tumors.

These are some of the most commonly observed signs and symptoms of brain tumors in children, teenagers, and adults.

Specific Brain Tumor Symptoms (Location-based)


1. Frontal Lobe Tumors

Tumors present in the frontal lobe of the brain exhibit:


  • Poor concentration, planning, and problem-solving skills
  • Difficulty walking due to weakness or paralysis in the lower limbs
  • Changes in personality, mood, and behavior
  • Problems associated with speech and vision
  • Loss of smell

2. Parietal Lobe Tumors

Tumors forming in the parietal lobe present with:


  • Coordination-related problems
  • Poor spatial awareness
  • Sensory disturbances
  • Impaired reading and writing abilities
  • Language difficulties
  • Loss of sensation in one part of the body

3. Occipital Lobe Tumors

Occipital lobe tumors present with the following symptoms:


  • Visual problems, such as blurred vision, loss of vision, and difficulty processing the color and size of the object
  • Hallucinations


4. Temporal Lobe Tumors

Temporal lobe tumors can cause:


  • Memory problems
  • Speech and hearing-related problems
  • Seizures
  • Auditory hallucinations (hearing voices inside the head)

5. Brainstem Tumors

Brainstem tumors can present with:


  • Poor coordination and balance
  • Difficulty walking
  • Swallowing difficulties
  • Speech difficulties
  • Double vision
  • Hampered heart rate regulation

6. Pituitary Tumors

Since pituitary glands are responsible for hormone regulation, tumors that arise from pituitary glands may lead to specific brain tumor symptoms in women.

Hormonal imbalances that cause changes in the menstrual cycle, changes in weight management, sexual dysfunction, growth abnormalities, excessive sweating, thirst, and urination.


  • Headache
  • Vision loss

Causes of Brain Tumor

We have little information on what exactly causes brain tumors or brain cancer. However, if we are to wonder what causes brain tumors, researchers have found that certain factors can increase the risk of brain tumors.

Certain genetic conditions

Radiation exposure

Gender

Exposure to infections, viruses, and allergens

Home and work exposures

Race and ethnicity

Family history of brain tumors

Age

Head injuries and seizures

Electromagnetic fields

These risk factors or possible reasons for brain cancer only increase the chances of a brain tumor or brain cancer diagnosis. Those with the above-mentioned risk factors can be categorized as high-risk individuals, and they should consider talking to a doctor to get a better understanding of the degree of risk they carry and learn the best measures that can help them reduce their brain tumor or brain cancer risk.

Causes of Brain Tumors in Teenagers

Brain tumors are the most common type of solid tumors diagnosed among teenagers. The causes of brain tumors in teenagers may vary, and in most cases, the exact cause is unknown. Also, in the majority of pediatric brain tumor cases, identifiable risk factors are not found, indicating that there could be some undiscovered factors that could serve as potential causes of brain tumors in teenagers. More research is needed to understand the complex etiology of brain tumors in teenagers.

It is easy for brain tumor symptoms to be ignored in children and teenagers as they are always active, and therefore, it is important to pay extra attention when they are not normal. Some of the most common brain tumor symptoms in teenagers include headaches, nausea and vomiting, seizures, dizziness and drowsiness, challenges with vision, hearing, and speech, personality changes, and challenges with balance and coordination.

When to see a doctor?


When one has a high risk of developing brain tumors or is experiencing the signs and symptoms of brain tumors or cancer, it is important to see a doctor.

Diagnosis and Treatment

How to Diagnose Brain Tumor

Our specialists use a wide range of tests for the detection and diagnosis of brain tumors. These tests help our specialists arrive at a definitive diagnosis, which is important for appropriate treatment planning. The following are some of the important diagnostic tests used in the diagnosis of brain tumors:

1. Neurological Exam

Neurological exams involve the assessment of brain functions, reflexes, coordination, and mental status. A neurological exam helps doctors find out if there are any anomalies in the functioning of the nervous system.


2. Head CT Scan

A CT (computed tomography) scan creates detailed images of the internal brain structures using X-ray beams.


3. Brain MRI

MRI is an imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the internal structures of the brain. A brain MRI is helpful in determining the exact location of the tumor, its size, and other tumor-specific parameters.


4. PET Scan of the Brain

A PET scan is another important imaging technique that is helpful in brain tumor or brain cancer diagnosis. During this procedure, a radioactive tracer is injected into the body, and during the scan, the technologists will look for those areas in the brain that have high metabolic activities, which appear as bright spots.


5. Collecting a Sample of Tissue

Also known as a biopsy, this procedure involves obtaining a tissue sample from the suspected area of the brain for analysis.


6. Testing the Tissue Sample in the Lab

The tissue obtained from the biopsy is examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells. This analysis provides critical information, such as the tumor type, its stage, its grade, and its genetic properties, which are crucial for planning personalized treatment. In other words, biopsies play a crucial role in helping specialists arrive at a conclusive diagnosis.

Brain Tumor Treatment

Based on the information obtained through various diagnostic tests, brain tumor specialists plan customized treatment plans. Treatment plans are made based on multiple parameters, namely the type of brain tumor, its stage, its grade, its exact location, the patient’s age, and the patient's overall health status.

1. Brain Tumor Surgery

Brain tumor surgery refers to the surgical removal of the tumor present in the brain along with a small portion of healthy tissue that surrounds it. Depending on the location, stage, and type, the following are the different brain surgery types available for brain tumor treatment:

2. Removing part of the skull to get to the brain tumor

Also referred to as a craniotomy, this procedure involves accessing the tumor and removing it by cutting open a section of the skull.

3. Using a long, thin tube to get to the brain tumor

This procedure is minimally invasive, wherein the surgical instruments, along with a camera and light source, are sent to the brain through tiny incisions or natural openings, like the nostrils. This procedure benefits patients with reduced blood loss and pain, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and fewer treatment-related complications.

Radiation Therapy

Administering radiation therapy or radiotherapy for brain tumors is another way of effectively managing these tumors. This treatment involves targeting brain tumors with high-intensity radiation beams to destroy cancer cells. The following are the important radiotherapy procedures recommended for brain tumor or brain cancer treatment:

1. Linear Accelerator Radiosurgery

This procedure involves targeting the tumor with an external radiation source, a linear accelerator, or LINAC. Radiosurgery is a non-invasive procedure that precisely targets cancer cells and destroys them.


2. CyberKnife Radiosurgery

CyberKnife is a non-invasive brain tumor treatment that is recommended for both benign and malignant brain tumors. CyberKnife facilitates more effective and safer radiosurgery solutions and positively impacts the recovery rate among patients.


3. Brachytherapy

Brachytherapy, or internal beam radiation therapy, involves placing a radiation source inside or very close to the tumor. The radiation beams emitted from this radiation source, which could be in the form of pellets (seeds), destroy cancer cells. The biggest advantage of administering this form of radiotherapy for brain tumors is that it significantly limits the damage to the healthy tissues close to the tumor.


4. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy falls under the systemic therapy category, wherein cancer specialists administer medications for brain tumor management. Chemotherapy involves administering powerful drugs that travel throughout the body to find and destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy for brain tumors can be administered orally or intravenously.


5. Targeted therapy

Targeted therapy is a systemic therapy that precisely targets cancer cells based on their structural, molecular, or genetic properties and destroys them through multiple mechanisms. One of the biggest advantages of targeted therapy is that it limits damage to healthy tissues and therefore comes with fewer side effects.


Recovering After Treatment

Rehabilitation is necessary for patients who have undergone brain tumor treatment, as it helps them recover and return to their normal lives at a faster rate.

1. Physical Therapy

Physical therapy focuses on restoring physical functions and enhancing mobility and overall strength.


2. Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy helps patients return to their normal lives and perform daily activities without depending on their caregivers. Occupational therapists devise personalized rehabilitation strategies to help patients return to the best state of health possible.


3. Speech Therapy

At times, certain brain tumors or their treatment can lead to speech impairment in patients. Undergoing speech therapy after brain tumor or brain cancer treatment can help patients regain their speech and swallowing abilities.


4. Tutoring for School-age Children

Pediatric brain tumor patients may find it challenging to attend school during their treatment. Therefore, opting for tutoring services can be helpful for these patients.


Treatment by Brain Tumor Type

Brain cancer specialists devise treatment plans for brain tumors and brain cancer based on their type. This approach plays a significant role in ensuring that patients receive effective treatment for their condition:

1. Oligodendroglioma

Oligodendroglioma is a rare type of brain tumor, and it can be both benign and malignant. Oligodendrogliomas are often treated with radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy.


2. Astrocytoma

Treatment plans for astrocytoma are devised based on the grade and location of the tumor and may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.


3. Glioblastoma

This is an aggressive form of brain tumor. A thorough assessment is done before planning treatment for glioblastomas, and the different treatment options available for glioblastomas include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.


Prevention and Risk Factors

What are the brain tumor risk factors?

Researchers have identified factors that can contribute to the increased risk of brain tumors. However, having these risk factors does not necessarily mean that one will develop a brain tumor. It only means that having these risk factors makes one more likely to be diagnosed with a brain tumor. The following are some of the most important brain tumor or brain cancer risk factors:

1. Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

The risk of brain tumors can increase when an individual is exposed to high levels of ionizing radiation. Radiation exposure caused by previous medical treatments or occupational requirements can increase one’s brain tumor risk.


2. Family History of Certain Conditions

Certain inherited genetic conditions can increase the risk of brain tumors. Li-Fraumeni syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease, Turcot syndrome, neurofibromatosis, and tuberous sclerosis are some of the important genetic conditions that can increase the risk of brain tumors.


3. Age

Age is an important brain tumor risk factor. The risk of brain tumors increases with age. Nonetheless, all age groups carry a certain degree of brain tumor risk.


4. Gender

Some brain tumor types are more common among men, while others are more prevalent among women. Reports suggest that the risk of malignant primary brain tumors is relatively high among men. Non-malignant primary brain tumors, on the other hand, are more common among women.


5. Home and Work Exposure

There is limited information on how environmental exposure contributes to brain tumor risk. However, researchers suggest that prolonged exposure to hazardous chemicals at home and in the workplace, especially pesticides, fertilizers, oil products, solvents, industrial pollutants, rubber, and more, is one of the important brain tumor or brain cancer risk factors.


6. Exposure to Infections, Viruses, and Allergens

A few studies have found that infections caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and exposure to certain allergens may increase one’s risk of developing brain tumors. However, more studies are needed in this area.


7. Electromagnetic Fields

Presently, there is no sufficient data on how electromagnetic fields, such as those created by mobile phones and power lines, can contribute to the risk of brain tumor development. A couple of studies have found that increased use of mobile phones can lead to gliomas, the most common form of brain tumor. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to study the actual relationship between EMFs and brain tumor risk.


8. Race and Ethnicity

The incidence of malignant brain tumors is high among whites when compared to blacks. The incidence of non-malignant brain tumors, on the other hand, is higher among blacks than whites. Overall, Asians have a relatively lower risk of developing malignant brain tumors, when compared to other ethnicities.


9. Head Injury and Seizures

A few studies have reported that having a history of head injuries and seizures can increase the risk of brain cancer in some individuals.


10. Family History of Brain Tumors

Having a family member, like a parent or sibling, with a history of brain tumors can increase one’s risk of brain tumors.


11. N-nitroso Compounds

The definitive link between N-nitroso compounds and their tendency to increase brain tumor risk is not properly established yet. However, some studies have found that the N-nitroso compounds are carcinogenic and can increase the risk of benign and malignant brain tumors. These were some of the important brain tumor risk factors. Those who identify with these risk factors should consider consulting with their doctor to understand the degree of risk they carry and follow appropriate measures to protect themselves against brain tumors.

Brain Tumor Prevention Measures

Doctors are often visited by patients who want to learn how to avoid brain tumors or different ways to prevent brain cancer. It is important to know that there are no sure-fire ways to prevent brain tumors or brain cancer yet. However, with the right measures, it is possible to reduce their risk.

1. Adequate Sleep

Having a proper sleep schedule is important for one’s overall well-being. Also, sleep is important for the body’s rejuvenation and restoration. Sleep helps the body repair cell damage and revitalize itself. This way, sleep plays a pivotal role in reducing the risk of various health conditions, including cancer.

2. Frankincense Oil

There is no direct connection between frankincense oil and its role in reducing brain tumor risk. However, boswellic acid, present in frankincense oil, is found to be helpful in reducing inflammation. Many studies have shown that chronic inflammation is a risk factor for multiple health conditions, including cancer. Therefore, the use of frankincense oil may potentially lower the risk of brain tumors by reducing inflammation. A few studies have also reported on the anti-tumor properties of frankincense oil. Frankincense oil is also found to kill cancer cells without causing damage to healthy cells, according to a few studies.

3. Anti-cancer Diet

Having a balanced diet that is rich in macronutrients and micronutrients supports overall well-being. However, when it comes to brain tumor prevention, there is not sufficient evidence on specific foods or diets that can prevent brain cancer.

4. Calorie Restriction

Some studies have shown that restricting calorie intake while maintaining proper nutrition, may bring down the risk of certain cancers by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and promoting healthy cell regulation. However, much research is needed to understand the impact of calorie restriction on brain cancer prevention.

5. Limit Exposure to Mobile Phones

While there is limited evidence on how exposure to mobile phones, or electromagnetic fields in general, can increase one’s brain tumor risk, some studies do suggest that prolonged exposure to EMF can increase the risk of gliomas. That said, avoiding prolonged exposure to mobile phones can help reduce the potential risk of brain tumors.

6. No Smoking

Tobacco consumption is the biggest risk factor for a wide array of cancers. Presently, there is limited information on how tobacco can cause brain tumors or how quitting it can prevent brain cancer. Nonetheless, quitting tobacco can have a positive impact on overall health and reduce the risk of various medical conditions.

7. Avoid Excessive Exposure to Radiation to the Head

Frequent exposure to harmful radiation because of regular imaging scans or occupational requirements can contribute to one’s increased risk of brain tumors. If regular imaging scans or radiation treatment is inevitable, it is important to follow appropriate safety measures during the procedures in order to minimize unnecessary exposure to radiation. Those were some of the potential ways to prevent brain tumors and brain cancer. That said, these measures only reduce the risk of brain tumors and brain cancer and do not eliminate their risk completely.

Frequently Asked Questions

Presently, there are no known ways to prevent brain cancer completely. However, some measures can help reduce the risk of this condition, and they include avoiding exposure to hazardous chemicals, getting enough sleep, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and wearing protective headgear while performing activities that come with a head injury risk.

When the cells present in the brain or spinal cord start dividing uncontrollably due to undesirable DNA mutations and form a mass of cancer cells that tend to spread to other organs, it is referred to as brain cancer.

The exact causes of this condition are, however, unknown. However, there are a few risk factors for this cancer, and they include certain inherited genetic disorders, exposure to harmful radiation, and a personal or family history of this condition.

Brain cancer is treatable. However, the prognosis of this disease largely depends on the type of tumor, its stage, its location, and the patient’s overall health status. Some types of brain cancer can be treated successfully, while others may require prolonged treatments that focus on managing the disease and delaying its progression.

The survival rates of this cancer type depend on a myriad of factors. Depending on the disease stage, the tumor grade, the treatment response shown by patients, and the overall health status of patients. For a better understanding of the prognosis of this disease, patients must have a detailed discussion with their expert team.

Each brain tumor type has a different growth rate. Some grow at a faster rate, whereas others grow slowly.

For both benign and malignant tumors of the brain to be caught in their early stages, it is important for patients to be mindful of their signs and symptoms and promptly seek appropriate medical attention.

There are no standard screening procedures available for brain cancers. Also, another factor that makes the early detection of this condition challenging is that its signs and symptoms often vary and can be similar to those of other less-severe brain-related conditions. One way to catch this cancer in its early stages is by being mindful of its symptoms and promptly seeking medical attention.

Brain cancer can form in any part of the brain. The most common type of brain tumor forms in the glial cells. However, brain cancers can form in the meninges, pituitary gland, pineal gland, Schwann cells, and more.

The speed at which brain cancer progresses largely depends on the type of brain cancer, the size of the tumor, and its exact location. Some tumors take years to develop and show symptoms, while others are aggressive and grow rapidly. Therefore, it is important not to ignore any potential brain cancer symptoms and promptly consult a doctor for appropriate medical guidance.

Headache is one of brain tumor’s early symptoms. The feeling of increased pressure inside the head and persistent headaches should never be ignored. Other common signs of brain tumors include seizures, problems related to vision and hearing, challenges associated with balance and coordination, and changes associated with cognitive and behavioral functions.

One important thing to note is that these symptoms are associated with other brain-related conditions as well, and therefore, it is important to see a doctor for a conclusive diagnosis.

There is no sufficient evidence to prove that stress has a direct impact on brain tumor development. Nevertheless, a few studies have found that stress can accelerate disease progression. Managing stress effectively can help lead a healthy life and promote overall well-being.

As we still do not know how brain tumors occur, there are no known ways to prevent brain tumors or brain cancer yet. However, maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle, avoiding prolonged exposure to harmful chemicals, wearing protective headgear while taking part in activities that carry a risk of head injury, and being aware of the family history and opting for appropriate measures are a few ways you can reduce your brain tumor risk.

Also, along with these measures, it is important for you to be mindful of different signs and symptoms of brain tumors, and promptly see a doctor, when something is not normal.

Depending on the specific requirements of each case, doctors recommend an MRI scan, CT scan, or PET scan, to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

The possibility of a successful cure for a brain tumor largely depends on the tumor type. In most cases, a benign brain tumor can be cured successfully. However, for malignant brain tumors, currently, there is no treatment that can be definitively considered a cure.

Early detection plays a crucial role in the successful treatment of brain tumors, allowing patients to lead normal and healthy lives. Recent advancements in brain tumor management have significantly improved survival rates, taking us one step closer to discovering a brain tumor cure one day.

Medications for brain tumors refer to systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Systemic therapies are an important component of brain tumor or brain cancer treatment, as they play a pivotal role in enhancing the overall efficacy of the treatment and improving survival chances. Chemotherapy for brain tumors is often recommended with other treatments, namely surgery and radiation therapy.

The success rate of brain tumor surgeries depends on multiple factors, namely the type of tumor, its location, its stage, and the overall health status of the patient. Today, the field of brain tumor management has advanced remarkably, and it is possible to achieve better quality clinical outcomes and help patients return to their normal lives at a faster rate.

Like any surgical procedure, brain tumor surgery, or brain tumor operation, comes with certain inherent risks. However, neurosurgeons who perform these procedures carry specialized expertise and take appropriate safety measures during the procedure. This way, they ensure optimized clinical outcomes and enhanced patient safety.

The survival rates for brain cancer cases depend on a myriad of factors, such as the type of tumor, its stage, and the treatment response shown by the patient. For better clinical outcomes, it is important for brain tumors to be detected in their early stages. The patient expert team will study the patients’ condition diligently and determine the disease prognosis before the treatment, and the same will be communicated to the patients and their caregivers.

The duration of hospitalization depends on the type of treatment undergone, the patient’s recovery progress, and the overall treatment plan.

Awake brain surgery, also known as an awake craniotomy, is one of the important brain surgery types, during which the patient is awake. Awake brain surgery is recommended for the brain tumor treatment and the management of seizures. The patient is deliberately kept awake in order to monitor brain functions during the procedure, especially when the areas that regulate speech, language, and mobility are involved. This is important to minimize damage to critical parts of the brain.

Being aware of brain cancer risk factors can help in reducing one’s brain tumor and brain cancer risk. A few lifestyle changes can be helpful. Getting adequate sleep, adopting healthy food habits, having an active lifestyle, limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields, and abstaining from smoking are some of the potential ways to prevent brain tumors naturally.

While a balanced diet can reduce one’s brain tumor risk, it is important to remember that the consumption of certain foods may increase the risk. One must consider refraining from unhealthy fats and ultra-processed foods like canned foods, instant foods, sugary drinks, baked foods, etc., to reduce brain tumor risk.

Certain foods cause bacterial and parasitic infections in the brain, which can lead to the formation of brain tumors. Avoiding the consumption of unwashed fruits and vegetables, undercooked meat, undercooked fish, and shellfish can reduce the risk of brain tumors and brain cancer.

Individuals who identify themselves with risk factors specific to brain tumors are at a higher risk of developing this condition. The following are the important brain tumor risk factors:

1. Exposure to harmful radiation

2. Inherited genetic conditions, such as von Hippel-Lindau disease, Turcot syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, neurofibromatosis, and tuberous sclerosis

3. Exposure to certain infections and allergies

4. History of brain injury or seizures

5. Exposure to harmful environmental pollutants at home and the workplace

6. Increasing age

7. Being male

8. Prolonged exposure to electromagnetic fields