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Multiple Myeloma Symptoms and Causes

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Not all patients experience multiple myeloma symptoms. Some symptoms may even overlap with those of other diseases. Therefore, being aware of the different multiple myeloma symptoms and promptly seeing a doctor for a proper evaluation can help in the effective management of multiple myeloma.

Who Is Mainly Affected by Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma can affect individuals of various backgrounds and ages.

However, many studies over the years have found that certain factors can increase the risk of multiple myeloma. This cancer is more prevalent in older adults, with the majority of cases diagnosed in individuals over 65. Additionally, men are slightly more likely to develop multiple myeloma than women. While the exact cause remains unclear, a family history of multiple myeloma or related plasma cell disorders may elevate the risk.

Multiple Myeloma Symptoms and Signs

Multiple myeloma is characterized by a range of symptoms and signs, which can vary in intensity and impact. Early detection is crucial for timely intervention. Common symptoms and signs include:

Bone Damage

Multiple myeloma often leads to bone damage, causing bone pain and an increased risk of fractures. As one of the important myeloma symptoms, this can result in limited mobility and discomfort.

Anemia

The abnormal plasma cells in myeloma can crowd out healthy blood cells, leading to a reduction in red blood cells and anemia. As one of the most common multiple myeloma symptoms, anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.

Numbness or Weakness

Myeloma cells may affect nerves, resulting in numbness or weakness, particularly in the legs.

Leg Swelling

Swelling in the legs is one of the most important multiple myeloma symptoms, and it can occur due to fluid retention

Appetite Changes

By impacting the digestive functions, myeloma causes changes in appetite, nausea, and weight loss.

Frequent Infections

A weakened immune system is a hallmark of myeloma, making individuals more susceptible to infections.

Excessive Thirst

By affecting kidney functions, myeloma causes excessive thirst and increased urination.

Nausea

Nausea is one of the most common multiple myeloma symptoms, often related to digestive disturbances caused by myeloma.

Constipation

Myeloma can disrupt normal bowel function, leading to constipation and gastrointestinal discomfort.

Mental Fog or Confusion

Some individuals with myeloma may experience mental fogginess or confusion, which can be linked to the effects of the disease on the nervous system.

Weight Loss

Unexplained weight loss can occur as a result of myeloma-related symptoms and metabolic changes.

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Multiple Myeloma Causes

The exact causes of multiple myeloma are not fully understood, but several factors have been identified as potential contributors:

Age

The risk of multiple myeloma increases with age, with most cases diagnosed in individuals over 65.

Gender

Men are slightly more likely to develop multiple myeloma than women.

Race

Some racial and ethnic groups, particularly African Americans, have a higher risk of myeloma.

Family History

A family history of multiple myeloma or related plasma cell disorders may be one of the possible multiple myeloma causes.

Plasma Cell Disorders

Certain precursor conditions, such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), can increase the risk of progressing to multiple myeloma.

Complications of Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma can lead to various complications, including:

Kidney Damage

Kidney problems are common in myeloma due to the buildup of abnormal proteins in the bloodstream.

Infectiona

The weakened immune system in myeloma patients increases their susceptibility to infections.

Bone Problems

Myeloma can cause bone damage, fractures, and pain. In some cases, this may be one of the multiple myeloma symptoms of the end stage.

Blood Problems

Anemia and other blood-related issues can arise as a result of myeloma.


When to See an Oncologist?


When one starts experiencing the multiple myeloma symptoms and signs listed above, it is important to see a specialist for a proper evaluation. As a few signs of multiple myeloma overlap with those of other diseases, seeing a doctor for a conclusive diagnosis is highly recommended.


Conclusion


Myeloma signs and symptoms can vary from one patient to another. Being aware of different multiple myeloma symptoms, not missing them when they appear, and lastly, undergoing regular checkups can help in the early detection of multiple myeloma.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where does myeloma usually start?

Multiple myeloma typically originates in the bone marrow, specifically in the plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell. These cancerous plasma cells multiply uncontrollably, leading to the development of myeloma.

Multiple myeloma weakens the immune system's ability to fight infections effectively. The cancerous plasma cells crowd out healthy white blood cells, reducing the body's ability to combat pathogens.

There is no direct evidence to suggest that stress is one of the multiple myeloma causes. The development of myeloma is a complex process involving various genetic and environmental factors. Stress may contribute indirectly to overall health but is not considered a direct cause of myeloma.

Multiple myeloma can be associated with genetic mutations and alterations, but it is a multifactorial disease with no single gene responsible for causing it. Various genetic changes can play a role in the development of myeloma.

Currently, there is no conclusive evidence linking multiple myeloma to a specific virus. Myeloma is primarily considered a result of genetic and environmental factors, although research in this area continues.

Myeloma can affect kidney function due to the buildup of abnormal proteins in the bloodstream. This can lead to increased thirst and more frequent urination.

Preventing multiple myeloma entirely is challenging because its exact causes are not fully understood. However, adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding known risk factors, can contribute to overall well-being. Early detection through regular medical check-ups and screenings is essential for managing the disease effectively. While prevention may not be guaranteed, maintaining good health practices can reduce the risk of multiple myeloma and improve overall quality of life.